<p>Fulton Ferry District is a national historic district in Fulton Ferry, Brooklyn, New York, New York. It consists of 15 contributing buildings built between 1830 and 1895. They are an assortment of commercial and commercial / residential brick buildings ranging from two to four stories in height, with one eight story building. That building is the Eagle Warehouse, a Romanesque Revival style building built by The Brooklyn Eagle in 1893. The district is bisected overhead by the Brooklyn Bridge and was the site of the terminus of the Fulton Ferry. Today the area holds many popular attractions such as Pier one of Brooklyn Bridge Park, and Grimaldi&#39;s Pizzeria.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>Montes Universales is a 32 km long mountain range in the southeastern end of the Iberian System. Its highest point is the 1,935 m high summit known as Caimodorro. The 1,830 m high Muela de San Juan is another important peak.</p><br>
<p>Administratively the Montes Universales belong to the Sierra de Albarracín comarca of Aragon, therefore there are often confused with the geographical Sierra de Albarracín mountain range.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The range is aligned in a NW - SE direction and is not as high as neighboring mountain ranges. It is, however, very significant from the hydrographic point of view for important rivers of the Iberian Peninsula have their source in these mountains, which divide the Atlantic from the Mediterranean watershed. Among the Iberian rivers that originate in the Montes Universales the most important are Tagus on the western slopes, and the Túria, Cabriel and Xúquer on the eastern.</p><br>
<p>The Montes Universales limit on the northeast with the paleozoic massifs of Caimodorro and Loma Alta, in the southeast with the Serranía de Cuenca and with the Sierra de Jabalón and the Túria Valley in the east.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>These mountains are covered with mostly not very dense clumps of pine, oak and Iberian juniper (Juniperus thurifera) forest.</p><br>
<p>Radiocarbon samples from Ojos del Tremedal show that birches, now almost absent from these mountains, were very common in the Montes Universales during the ice age around 9,600 years ago. Signs of human interference with the vegetation have been detected beginning about 3,500 years Before Present.</p><br>
<p>Zapater&#39;s ringlet (Erebia zapateri), is an endemic butterfly of these mountains.</p><br>
<h2>Features</h2><br>
<p>The Paradise Historic District comprises the historic portion of Paradise developed area of Mount Rainier National Park. The subalpine district surrounds its primary structure, the Paradise Inn, a rustic-style hotel built in 1917 to accommodate visitors to the park. The Paradise Inn is a National Historic Landmark. Five other buildings are included in the district. The district was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 13, 1991. It is part of the Mount Rainier National Historic Landmark District, which encompasses the entire park and which recognizes the park&#39;s inventory of Park Service-designed rustic architecture.</p><br>
<h2>District</h2><br>
<p>The Paradise area had been burned by an 1885 forest fire that left a great deal of standing timber in a "silver forest", primarily Alaska Cedar. Much of this timber was harvested to build park structures, particularly the Paradise Inn. The area&#39;s chief attractions are the wildflower meadows above the built-up area. The development of the area was undertaken by the Rainier National Park Company, which built the Paradise Inn in 1917 and added the annex in 1920, as well as the Guide House the same year. Three other buildings were built by the National Park Service.</p><br>
<p>The Paradise area formerly included a group of 215 frame cabins built in 1930, served by the Paradise Lodge of 1931, which were open year-round. The cabins were sold in 1942 to be used to house defense workers As part of the Mission 66 program, the Paradise area was proposed as a day-use area, with the Inn to be demolished. Public pressure resulted in the preservation of the Inn and its renovation.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings</h2><br>
<p>The 1917 Paradise Inn is a large hotel with a prominent dormered roof, built in an "alpine" variant of the National Park Service Rustic style. The inn&#39;s interior features exposed log structure, with a high lobby housing handcrafted log furniture. Fourteen doors open off the lobby to the northeast, flanked by log buttresses that follow the slope of the roof to the ground, carrying the local snow loads. The Inn was designed by Heath, Grove and Bell, of Tacoma. Twenty-eight guest rooms were in an attached wing above the dining room, with a further wing housing suites and rooms.</p><br>
<p>The Paradise Inn Annex was built in 1920, slightly downhill from and parallel to the main inn&#39;s lobby. The 3-1/2 story timber frame building is connected to the main Inn by a multi-story bridge. Designed by Seattle architect Harlan Thomas, the version finally constructed was scaled down from the originally-proposed structure, which was to be 300 ft long with a central stone pavilion and exposed log framing. The portion that was built was to have been the south wing, and construction was simplified to plain framed construction, measuring 44 ft by 125 ft.</p><br>
<p>The Guide Service Building is a 3-1/2 story timber frame structure opposite the Paradise Inn. It was built by the Rainier National Park Company in 1920 features a distinctive gambrel roof to house mountain climbing guides. The basement contains a small auditorium and stage, while the ground floor houses offices. The upper levels are dormitory spaces.</p><br>
<p>The Paradise Ranger Station is a small 1-1/2 story building with a steeply-pitched cedar shingle roof. The ranger station was completed in 1922 to a design by the National Park Service Landscape Engineering Division. The roof, supported on rubblestone walls, was designed to shed the heavy winter snowfall typical of the Paradise area. A system of cables anchored to the hillside resists the downhill pressure of the snow load.</p><br>
<p>The Paradise Comfort Station is a public toilet facility. It was built in 1928 to a design by the Park Service Western Region Branch of Plans and Designs, supervised by Thomas Chalmers Vint. In contrast to the ranger station, the comfort station features a strongly built low-pitched roof built in reinforced concrete. The walls were clad in stone veneer. The roof was designed to resist a 35 ft snow load weighing 35 pounds per cubic foot, for a 1225-pound-per-square-foot loading.</p><br>
<p>The Paradise Ski-Tow Powerhouse was built to house a portable ski-tow system. Paradise was a significant skiing venue during the 1930s, but the Park Service did not permit a permanent ski lift facility. The ski-tow house was built in 1937 by the Civilian Conservation Corps with a steeply pitched roof similar to that of the ranger station.</p><br>
<p>Spata-Artemida  is a municipality in the East Attica regional unit, Attica, Greece. The seat of the municipality is the town Spata. The municipality has an area of 73.695 km.</p><br>
<h2>Municipality</h2><br>
<p>The municipality Spata–Artemida was formed at the 2011 local government reform by the merger of the following 2 former municipalities, that became municipal units:</p><br>
<p>Artemida</p><br>
<p>Spata-Loutsa</p><br>
<h2>Economy</h2><br>
<p>Olympic Air has its headquarters at Athens International Airport in Spata. Goody&#39;s S.A., a Greek fast food company, is also headquartered at the airport.</p><br>
<h2>Government and infrastructure</h2><br>
<p>The Air Accident Investigation and Aviation Safety Board has an office at the airport.</p><br>
<p>The David H. Jones House is located at 143 S. Main Street in Spanish Fork, Utah and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. The house was built in 1912 for David H. and Mary E. Nielsen Jones, who lived there until their deaths in 1959 and 1976, respectively. In addition to running his own farm and livestock operations, David Jones served as Commissioner of Agriculture for Utah, as president of the Utah State Farm Bureau, and as president of the Utah County Cooperative Dairy for 20 years. His political career included six years of service as a Spanish Fork city councilman and two terms as a state senator.</p><br>
<p>Also located on the property is the Spanish Fork Pioneer Park, which is currently owned and opporated by Joness granddaughter Elaine Jones Hughes, and her husband who have dedicated the property to Spanish Forks pioneer heritage. Located at the park are several historic pioneer log cabins with connections to Spanish Fork pioneers, a mill that came from Leland, and a pump house that had its origins in Salt Lake City. Pioneer Park is open on Pioneer Day and is also the location of the Fiesta Days quilt show.</p><br>
<p>The Red Hat Cell Block is a former prison housing unit of the Louisiana State Penitentiary in West Feliciana Parish, Louisiana which, for a time, also contained the state&#39;s execution chamber and electric chair.</p><br>
<p>After a 1933 escape attempt, prison authorities constructed a new prisoner cell block, a one-story, 30 cell building at Camp E. That cell block, which became the most restrictive inmate housing unit in Angola, was colloquially referred to as "Red Hat," after the red paint-coated straw hats that its occupants wore when they worked in the fields.</p><br>
<p>After a federal court ordered Louisiana prison authorities to enact reforms at Angola, Warden C. Murray Henderson phased out "Red Hat,"Sinclair, Billy and Jodie Sinclair. A Life in the Balance:</p><br>
<p>the Billy Wayne Sinclair Story. Arcade Publishing, 2000.. Retrieved from Google Books on October 28, 2010., and in 1972 Elayn Hunt had "Red Hat" officially closed.Sinclair, Billy and Jodie Sinclair. A Life in the Balance:</p><br>
<p>the Billy Wayne Sinclair Story. Arcade Publishing, 2000.. Retrieved from Google Books on October 28, 2010., Red Hat became a dog kennel. In 1977 Camp J took "Red Hat"&#39;s role as the most restrictive housing unit in Angola. On February 20, 2003, the National Park Service listed the Red Hat Cell Block on the National Register of Historic Places as #03000041.</p><br>
<h2>Composition</h2><br>
<p>Red Hat had thirty prison cells. Each cell measured 3 ft by 6 ft; a solid steel door was the point of entry and egress. Each cell had a 1 ft&sup2; window near the cell&#39;s roof for ventilation; prison guards controlled a steel flap located at each cell window. Each cell housed an iron bunk without a mattress. To urinate and defecate, prisoners used a steel bucket that was emptied every morning. Four guard towers were in proximity to Red Hat; guards in those towers had orders to "shoot to kill."</p><br>
<h2>Inmate life</h2><br>
<p>Brooke Shelby Biggs of Mother Jones said that men who had lived in "Red Hat" "told of a dungeon crawling with rats, where dinner was served in stinking buckets splashed onto the floors."</p><br>
<p>The Calumet Hotel, also known as the Calumet Inn, anchors the historic district of downtown Pipestone, Minnesota, United States. The three-story Richardsonian Romanesque hotel was built with light pink jasper quartzite as opposed to the red Sioux quartzite used in most other downtown buildings. The present hotel was built to replace a previous hotel, also three-stories, which was destroyed in an 1886 fire.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Like its predecessor, the Calumet Hotel was built to meet a demand which was growing as a result of increased railroad traffic. It opened on Thanksgiving Day, 1888 with a guest capacity of 50. It has been enlarged twice, a three-story addition to the south in 1899 differentiated by round rather than square window caps, and fourth story built in 1913, bringing the total number of rooms to 90. Among the various businesses to occupy the first floor and basement of the building were First National Bank and a 14-hole miniature golf course. A fire in 1944 destroyed the floors in the south section, but the hotel was able to reopen the following April. By 1978 had declined to the point that it was condemned by the State Fire Marshall. After two years of thorough renovation the hotel was again able to open for business.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Architectural details include the oriel window, a replica of the original which was removed along with the balcony in 1912, a large quartzite arch, the corner door, and a crenelated cornice.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>Hotel Hell covered the hotel in an episode of the series, broadcast on August 18, 2014, on the USA Fox television network.</p><br>
<p>Monreith House is a category A listed Georgian mansion located 1.5 km east of the village of Port William in Mochrum parish, Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland. The classical-style house was designed by Alexander Stevens in 1791, for Sir William Maxwell, 4th Baronet. The new house replaced the now-ruined Myrton Castle on the estate. The grounds of the house are included in the Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland, the national listing of significant gardens, and are classed as "outstanding" in five out of six categories.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Maxwell family first acquired Monreith in the 15th century, and built Myrton Castle on the estate. William Maxwell of Monreith was created a baronet of Nova Scotia in 1681. Magdalene Blair, wife of the third baronet, made tapestries of the gardens in the mid 17th century, which remain in the house. Sir William Maxwell, 4th Baronet, inherited the estate in 1771 and commissioned the present Monreith House from Alexander Stevens (1739–1796) in 1791. Sir William also laid out the grounds of the house as they largely remain today. In 1821 the porch was added to designs by Sir Robert Smirke.</p><br>
<p>Sir Herbert Maxwell (1845–1937) succeeded as 7th Baronet in 1877. He sat as Member of Parliament for Wigtownshire from 1880 to 1906, and was admitted to the Privy Council in 1897. He also served as Lord Lieutenant of Wigtown until 1935. In 1911 he published a book on Scottish gardens, and developed a substantial plant collection at Monreith. Following his death and the Second World War, the house was rented and the gardens declined.</p><br>
<p>The 9th baronet inherited the estate in the 1980s and carried out restoration work to the house, including the creation of holiday accommodation. In March 2011, Monreith House was the subject of a Channel 4 television documentary presented by hotelier Ruth Watson as part of her Country House Rescue series.</p><br>
<h2>Monreith Cross</h2><br>
<p>The Monreith Cross is a 10th-century free-standing carved stone cross. The cross stands 2.3 m high, and the circular head is 0.45 m across. The cross originally stood on a hill known as the Mowr or Moure, but was moved several times. In 1974 it was removed from the Monreith estate for conservation, and is now on display in the Whithorn Museum.</p><br>
<p>The Tipsoo Lake Comfort Station was designed by the National Park Service Branch of Plans and Designs in the National Park Service Rustic style and built in Mount Rainier National Park by the Civilian Conservation Corps in 1934. The design was supervised by Park Service Chief Architect Thomas Chalmers Vint, and is similar to the Sunrise Comfort Station in the central portion of the park. Located near the park&#39;s northern entrance, two comfort station were planned to be part of a developed area in the vicinity of Tipsoo and Chinook Pass, which was never developed beyond the toilet facilities and an entrance arch. One of these survives and remains in use. The public toilet facility features rough stonework to window sill level, with a framed wall above and a log-framed roof with cedar shingles.</p><br>
<p>The Tipsoo Lake Comfort Station was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 13, 1991. It is part of the Mount Rainier National Historic Landmark District, which encompasses the entire park and which recognizes the park&#39;s inventory of Park Service-designed rustic architecture.</p><br>
<p>The Tahoma Vista Comfort Station was designed by the National Park Service Branch of Plans and Designs in the National Park Service Rustic style and built in Mount Rainier National Park by the Civilian Conservation Corps in 1931. The design was supervised by Park Service Chief Architect Thomas Chalmers Vint, and site selection and development were undertaken by Park Service landscape architect Ernest A. Davidson. The comfort station serves the Tahoma Vista Overlook, also designed by Davidson. The 14 ft by 30 ft public toilet facility features rough stonework to window sill level, with a framed wall above and a log-framed roof with cedar shingles.</p><br>
<p>The Tahoma Vista Comfort Station was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 13, 1991. It is part of the Mount Rainier National Historic Landmark District, which encompasses the entire park and which recognizes the park&#39;s inventory of Park Service-designed rustic architecture.</p><br>
<p>The Christian Jipp Home & Grocery is a historic building located in the Hamburg Historic District in Davenport, Iowa, United States. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. The house and grocery was individually listed on the Davenport Register of Historic Properties in 2005.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The grocery store was completed in 1868 by Christian Jipp, an immigrant from present-day Germany. It was one of the first retail buildings that was built on the bluff in Davenport. Jipp, his wife and three daughters lived in the back of the store until the house was added in 1878. He operated the store until 1906 and the store itself remained open until 1958 when it was converted into a laundromat and the house became a rental property. The building had been vacate for 20 years and was slated by the city for demolition in 2004 when the Gateway Redevelopment Group received private and public funds to stabilize the structure and then to renovate it. The building now serves as the Architectural Rescue Shop, which collects, restores, preserves and sells old architectural items. There is also an apartment on the second floor of the structure.</p><br>
<p>The Frank & John Bredow House is a historic building located in the Hamburg Historic District in Davenport, Iowa, United States. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. The house was individually listed on the Davenport Register of Historic Properties in 2000.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>John T. and Anna Bredow were both born in Schleswig-Holstein in 1825. Their eldest son, John F., was born there in 1853. The family immigrated to Kiel, Wisconsin about the same time. Their sons Frank and Gerhard were born in Wisconsin. In 1870 the family moved to Davenport, where John T. operated a tavern. He built the family home on Gaines Street around 1876. His son John F. married Bertha Krieger in 1883 they had a daughter, Rhoda, who was born the following year. The three lived with John T. and Anna in the house on Gaines Street. The other sons had moved elsewhere. John F. worked for the German Savings Bank for 25 years. He became president of Iowa Mantle Manufacturing Co. and then president of Hydraulic Concrete Construction Co.</p><br>
<p>The elder Bredow died around 1896, and John F. and his family continued to live in the house until 1920 when they moved to West Fourth Street. At some point, after they moved the house, it was divided into apartments. By 2005 the house had been vacant for 20 years; it was boarded up, part of its roof was missing and it was slated for demolition by the city. Volunteers from the Gateway Redevelopment Group and the Davenport HAPPEN program renovated the structure into a single family home.</p><br>
<p>Manor Farm is a 22 acre historic site in Ruislip, Greater London. It incorporates a medieval farm complex, with a main old barn dating from the 13th century and a farm house from the 16th. Nearby are the remains of a motte-and-bailey castle believed to date from shortly after the Norman conquest of England. Original groundwork on the site has been dated to the 9th century.</p><br>
<p>Ownership of the site passed to the King&#39;s College, Cambridge in the 15th century. The Great Barn and Little Barn were recognised by a member of the Royal Society of Arts in 1930 as in need of conservation, and in 1931 Manor Farm was included in the sale of Park Wood as a gift to the people of Ruislip. The site continued as a working farm until 1933, and is now run as a community resource by the London Borough of Hillingdon.</p><br>
<p>Throughout 2007 and 2008, the site was restored with National Lottery funding, and has become a heritage area for the London Borough of Hillingdon. Manor Farm is within the Ruislip Village Conservation Area. Events are regularly held within the 13th-century Great Barn and around the rest of the site.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Origins</h3><br>
<p>What remains of the motte-and-bailey castle can be seen today in part of the moat and bank on the site. Today, the moat on the site is a scheduled monument, believed to have been extended to create an oval area upon which a wooden castle covering 350 foot by 200 foot was built, presumably for the landowner, Ernulf de Hesdin. He was given control of the manor of Ruislip shortly after the Norman conquest, in recognition of his loyalty to William the Conqueror. The castle is believed to have been built between 1066 and 1087, but does not appear in the 1086 Domesday Book and so could have been demolished or changed significantly. It may never have been finished.</p><br>
<p>Ruislip parish was owned by the Benedictine Bec Abbey of Normandy between 1096 and 1404 during which time the prior built a home for himself on the site, surrounded by a moat.</p><br>
<p>The farm buildings date back to the 13th century with the Great Barn the most prominent. The barn is the second largest such structure in Middlesex after another in Harmondsworth. The Great Barn is constructed of English oak from the nearby Ruislip Woods. It was built to a design known as an aisled barn, whereby smaller out-shoots run alongside the main supports underneath one main roof.</p><br>
<h3>Ownership</h3><br>
<p>Studies by English Heritage have found that the site originally functioned not only as the manorial court hall for Ruislip, but also as a working farm. The main building was built over two existing structures, possibly to accommodate the new lessee of the manor, Robert Drury, a former Speaker of the House of Commons. The study concluded this was most likely achieved by a team of masons and carpenters. Manor Farm was also known as Ruislip Court until the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>In 1451, ownership of the farm passed with the rest of Ruislip to Kings College, Cambridge who remain titular Lords of the Manor. Kings completed two surveys of the manor during their ownership, in 1565 and 1750.</p><br>
<p>The Farm House was built from locally produced bricks, tiles and timber in the 16th century, and served as the manorial court until 1925 when the last court was held. Work in the 18th and 19th centuries saw the windows and doorways replaced, while an extended kitchen was installed. The kitchen extension was replaced in 1958 as part of a general refurbishment of the house.</p><br>
<p>Manor Farm and Park Wood were nearly demolished in the early 1900s to make way for a new development planned in partnership with Kings College and the Ruislip-Northwood Urban District Council. A town planning competition was won by A & J Soutar from Wandsworth, who suggested a symmetrical design across the parish which would have seen a total of 7,642 new homes built. St. Martins church would have been the only example of historical architecture left in Ruislip. An outline map of the new development proposal was made public on 30 November 1910 with few objections. A Local Board inquiry followed on 17 February 1911 which required negotiations with landowners to allow for a full planning scheme to be compiled. This was presented in February 1913 with an adaptation of the original Soutars plan and received approval from the Local Government Board in September 1914. Three roads with residential housing, Manor Way, Windmill Way and Park Way were completed before the outbreak of the First World War when all construction work was halted. It was not resumed until 1919, though the plan was substantially scaled back as work slowed throughout the next decade.</p><br>
<p>The protection of Manor Farm and the local woods from redevelopment was eventually confirmed in January 1930, after a visit by a member of the Royal Society of Arts to choose buildings that should be conserved. The Great Barn and Little Barn were selected, along with the old Post Office, the Old Bell public house and the Priests House of the local church. The woods, part of the centre of the manor of Ruislip along with Ruislip village square, were included when Kings College sold the land to the district in February 1931. Park Wood was sold for £28,100 with Manor Farm and the old Post Office included as a gift to the people of Ruislip. Kings had wished to also present the wood as a gift but was required by the University and Colleges Act to receive payment as it was the trustee of the land. Middlesex County Council contributed 75% of the cost as the urban district council argued that many of those who would make use of the land would be recreational day trippers from outside the district. Under a 999-year lease, the council agreed to maintain the wood and ensure no new buildings were constructed without the permission of the county council. An area of the wood to the south was not included in the lease agreement and three residential roads were later constructed on it.</p><br>
<p>In 1932, the two cart sheds on either side of the lane leading into the farm were removed. That year, Councillor T. R. Parker purchased a plot of land on the site from King&#39;s College. Manor Farm continued as a working farm until the following year,</p><br>
<p>A smaller barn built in the 16th century, the Little Barn, was converted to a library and opened on 2 November 1937. The original cowbyre was destroyed by fire in 1979 and was rebuilt as an exhibition centre. An archaeological excavation was carried out by the Museum of London Archaeological Service in 1997 around the Farm House. This discovered the remains of the old priory were beneath the house, as this had been the bailey, surrounded by the motte.</p><br>
<h3>Restoration</h3><br>
<p>The site was refurbished with funding from the Heritage Lottery Fund in April 2007 with the work completed in June the following year. This included the renovation of the Grade II listed Manor Farm library as part of a borough-wide programme by the London Borough of Hillingdon. The Duck Pond Market began in the Great Barn in December 2008, following the refurbishment, and runs twice a month. Winston Churchill Theatre, not included in the original restoration work, received a £370,000 grant from Hillingdon Council in March 2011 to enable its refurbishment. The other buildings on the site are used as an Exhibition venue (the Cow Byre Gallery), community spaces (The Stables and the Manor Farm Community Hut) and as a small interpretation centre and base of the Hillingdon Music Service (Manor Farm House).</p><br>
<p>Since 6 September 1974, all the buildings on the site are Grade II listed, except for the Great Barn, which is Grade II*.</p><br>
<h3>Comparable structures</h3><br>
<p>Other moated medieval farm complexes survive in the nearby area at Headstone Manor and (without a surviving moat) at Pinner Park. Traces of a moat survived at Harmondsworth Great Barn until 1968.</p><br>
<p>The Soldier&#39;s Monument is a historic structure in the College Square Historic District in Davenport, Iowa, United States. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. The monument, which was built from 1880 to 1881, was individually listed on the Davenport Register of Historic Properties in 1993.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>A movement to erect a monument began in 1865 when an association was created to establish a monument to President Abraham Lincoln after his assassination. The Lincoln Monument Association of Scott County, Iowa was incorporated on May 25, 1865. After six years the association collected $529.25, with the accumulated interest of $148.50, the total amount they had for the monument amounted to $707.40. Nicholas Fejervary offered to donate $1,300 if the monument would be erected to Scott County’s Civil War dead instead. After accepting the offer, donations to the monument fund increased.</p><br>
<p>The association hired R.J. Carver of South Rydate, Vermont to design the monument. The monument association approved the design on June 5, 1880. A site was chosen in the middle of Main Street between Grace Cathedral, now Trinity Cathedral, and Griswold College, now the campus of Davenport Central High School. The monument was built for $8,000. It was constructed 1880-1881 and dedicated on July 4, 1881. The monument was given to the city of Davenport on January 15, 1906. At one time patriotic exercises were held at the monument each Memorial Day by the local Grand Army of the Republic post, the Loyal Legion, the Sons of Veterans, the Woman&#39;s Relief Corps and other patriotic organizations.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The monument is an obelisk of English Granite that rises 50 ft. It is topped by a statue of a Union soldier, which faces south towards the Mississippi River in the valley below. He measures 8 ft tall. The base for the monument is 17.5 ft square, with buttress extensions at the corners. The monument&#39;s foundation is at least 7 ft in the ground and is composed of Nauvoo stone and it rests on a cement floor.</p><br>
<p>There are four panels with inscriptions on each side of the monument. The south panel reads: "Erected by Grateful Citizens of Scott County In Memory of the Fellow Citizens who Died in Defense of the Union 1861-5". The west panel bears a quote from General H. W. Halleck: "Proved themselves the Bravest of the Brave". The panel on the north bears a quote taken from Lincolns Gettysburg Address: "They died, that the government of the People, by the People and for the People might not perish from the Earth." The east panels quote is from Inspector General W. E. Strong: "An Honor to their Friends at Home, to their State and their Country * * * a Terror to their Foes."</p><br>
<p>The lower section of the shaft features bas reliefs of the following emblems: the coat of arms of the United States (south); heavy crossed sabers, belt, cartridges and revolvers, which represent the cavalry (west); crossed cannon, which represent the artillery (north); and an anchor and shot, which represent the navy (east). On the first plinth above the lower section of the column, are emblematic wreaths. Over the USA coat of arms is the laurel-representing joy; over the cavalry symbols, the ivy-representing lasting remembrance; over the artillery symbols, the oak-representing strength; and over the naval symbols, the olive-representing peace. The two plinths above the second and third sections of the column have the names of the battles in which local soldiers fought engraved on each side of the column. The battles listed are: Shilo, Donelson, Iuka, Wilsons Creek, Fort Blakely, Corinth, Prairie Grove and Vicksburg.</p><br>
<p>The capstone at the top of the column features a shield and carving on each side. Above the capstone is a pedestal for the statue of a soldier who represents the infantry. At one time the monument was surrounded by an iron fence.</p><br>
<p>The Pipestone Indian School Superintendent&#39;s House served as the home of the superintendent of the Pipestone Indian School from its construction in 1907 to the closure of the school in 1953. It then served as a private residence until 1983, and is now used for storage by the present owner, Minnesota West Community College.</p><br>
<p>In 2006 the property was added to the 10 Most Endangered Historic Places list of the Preservation Alliance of Minnesota as it was considered to be in immediate need of stabilization.</p><br>
<p>The superintendent&#39;s house is the last of what was once a boarding school campus of more than 60 buildings, and one of only 11 built of red quartzite. The Indian school was built under the auspices of the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887, which sought to assimilate Native Americans into mainstream American culture. Education was recognized by the federal government as a way to increase control over them while at the same time separating them from their cultural ties. Children from many parts of the Midwestern United States and from tribes including the Dakota, Oneida, Pottawatomie, Arikaree, Sac and Fox were brought to the school, often with strong objections from their parents. With changing government policies the school declined and was closed in 1953.</p><br>
<p>Sierra de Los Filabres is the largest mountain range in Almería Province, Andalusia, Spain, measuring 50 km in length.</p><br>
<p>Its highest point, the Calar Alto is also the highest peak in the province of Almería and hosts an important astronomical observatory.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Sierra de Los Filabres belongs to the Penibaetic System and forms the southern limit of the Almanzora Valley. Besides its highest point, the 2,168 m high Calar Alto, other important peaks are the Tetica de Bacares or "La Tetica" (2,086 m), a breast-shaped hill, and the Calar Gallinero (2,049 m).</p><br>
<p>The Sierra de Los Filabres is an eastern prolongation of the Sierra de Baza mountain range in the same system. There are picturesque towns in this range, like Olula de Castro, Chercos Viejo and Sierro, to name but a few.</p><br>
<p>The easiest route to reach the range starts from Gérgal.</p><br>
<p>Heilman Villas are located at the corner of Seventh Street and Orange Avenue in Coronado, California and consist of 10 standalone bungalows and one 2-story duplex. The duplex and 6 of the bungalows face a central courtyard which faces Orange Ave. The other 4 bungalows face 7th St.</p><br>
<p>Heilman Villas was built for Robert and Lillian Heilman. Later the complex was known as DeCoby Court and Hollander Court. In 1952, it became the Coromar Motel. In 1973, the City of Coronado bought the site; it was used by community groups such as the Chamber of Commerce and the Coronado Historical Association (CHA). The City renamed the complex again, this time to Babcock Court, in honor of City of Coronado founder Elisha S. Babcock.</p><br>
<p>Heilman Villas was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992 reg. #92000319 as examples of 1920s bungalow court architecture in the Mission Revival style. The interiors contain Craftsman elements with hardwood floors and leaded glass.</p><br>
<p>The Coronado Police Department is now located on the former site of the Heilman Villas.</p><br>
<p>Sierra de Orihuela  is a 9.4 km long mountain range in the Vega Baja del Segura  comarca, Valencian Community, Spain. Its highest point is Peña de Orihuela . This range is named after the town of Orihuela , located at the feet of the mountains. The western end of the range is within the limits of the Santomera municipal term, in the Region of Murcia.</p><br>
<p>These conspicuous limestone mountains rise abruptly from the low Segura River Valley floor and have some very steep cliffs popular with rock climbers, like "La Pared Negra". There is very little vegetation on the arid mountain slopes and both physically and geologically the Sierra de Orihuela is similar to the Sierra de Callosa range located only 2.6 km to the east. Smoother Sierra de Hurchillo is located 4.8 km to the south</p><br>
<p>Sierra de Callosa  is a 4.6 km long mountain range in the Vega Baja del Segura  comarca, Valencian Community, Spain. Its highest point is Águila . This range is named after the town of Callosa de Segura located at the feet of the mountains.</p><br>
<p>These conspicuous and harsh-looking massive limestone mountains rise abruptly from the low Segura River Valley floor and have some very steep cliffs. There is very little vegetation on the arid mountain slopes and both physically and geologically the Sierra de Callosa is similar to the Sierra de Orihuela range located only 2.6 km to the west.</p><br>
<p>Smoother Sierra de Hurchillo is located 6.5 km to the south.</p><br>
<p>These mountains were declared a Protected Area by the Generalitat Valenciana in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The Lincoln Statue is an historic structure located on the grounds of the Greene County Courthouse in Jefferson, Iowa, United States. It was erected in 1918, and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This was the first statue of Abraham Lincoln built beside, and dedicated to, the Lincoln Highway. The statue is a replica of W. Granville Hastings’ statue in Cincinnati, Ohio, and was a gift of Mr. and Mrs. E.B. Wilson. The bronze statue is life size, and it stands on a two-tiered concrete base. The lower base features a pebblestone finish, and the upper portion is faced with 2 in of granite. A bronze plaque with the closing paragraph of Lincoln&#39;s second inaugural address is affixed to the upper portion of the base.</p><br>
<p>The Wilsons decided to donate the statue when the present courthouse was completed in 1917. Because they had no children they reasoned they should give something substantial to the community. The Greene County Board of Supervisors agreed to pay half the cost of the base. The Bureau Brothers Foundry of Philadelphia was contracted to create the statue, and they included the plaque at no expense. It was originally planned that the statue would stand atop a base of pink granite from Pipestone, Minnesota. However, because of World War I the War Industries Board refused to permit the quarrying and carving the stone until the war was over. The Capitol Hill Monument Company of Des Moines erected a temporary concrete base for the statue&#39;s dedication on September 22, 1918. The "temporary" base was replaced in 1964. The Iowa State Highway Commission Service Bulletin and the Lincoln Highway Forum used a photograph of the new statue on the cover of their publications in 1918. The Lincoln Highway Association placed an image of the statue on its mission statement in 1920.</p><br>
<p>Hose Station No. 4 is located in the Village of East Davenport in Davenport, Iowa, United States. It is a contributing property of the Davenport Village Historic District that has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1980. The fire station was individually listed on the Davenport Register of Historic Properties in 1993. It is one of two old fire stations on the east side of the city that are still in existence. The other one is Hose Station No. 3. The building sits adjacent to Lindsay Park and now houses the International Fire Museum.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first group of volunteer firefighters in Davenport were organized in 1856 and called the Independent Fire Engine and Hose Company. The city’s first firehouse, Hose Station No. 1, was built on Perry Street in 1877 for the Fire King Engine 2nd Hose Company. In the first decades of the 20th-century, the city built other small hose stations throughout the city such as Hose Station No. 4.</p><br>
<p>The Davenport Fire Antique & Restoration Society was formed by four members of the Davenport Fire Department in 1984. They acquired Hose Station No. 4 and opened the museum in 1986. The museum contains artifacts and photographs pertaining to firefighting throughout the world. It includes a 1951 Mack pumper from Riverdale, Iowa.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The station was designed in the Italianate style. It features a rectangular plan, hipped roof covered in tile and a short tower in the back where the hoses dried. The red brick exterior features quoined corners in brick. A single pair of fire-house doors, behind which the firefighting equipment was stored, fronted Eleventh Street. The pedestrian entrance was along the side of the building. Two large rectangular windows are above the fire-house doors and a dormer is on the roof above the main façade.</p><br>
<p>Sierra del Mugrón is a 16.6 km long mountain range located between the Valle de Cofrentes  comarca, Valencian Community, and Almansa, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. It is an isolated range between the Iberian System and the Cordillera Prebética. Its highest point is 1,209 m. The northern section of this range is within the Ayora  municipal term, while the southern belongs to Almansa.</p><br>
<p>There are remains of an Ancient Iberian settlement in Castellar de Meca, between Ayora and Alpera.</p><br>
<p>This mountain range is a quiet lonely and isolated area with a sizeable amount of wildlife, foremost of which are the wildcat, boar, little bustard, Eurasian stone-curlew, peregrine falcon, European nightjar, black wheatear, common wood pigeon, Dartford warbler, red-legged partridge and Bonelli&#39;s eagle.</p><br>
<p>Abu Madi is a cluster of prehistoric, Neolithic tell mounds in Southern Sinai, Egypt. It is located east of Saint Catherine&#39;s Monastery at the bottom of a granite ridge. It was suggested to have been a seasonal encampment for groups of hunter gatherers and contained the remains of two major settlements; Abu Madi I and Abu Madi III. Abi Madi I is a small site with the remains of a partially buried 4 m building containing deposits up to a depth of 1.3 m. Abu Madi III was an area of roughly 20 m&sup2; that was excavated close to a large nearby boulder. Dwellings were found to have stone built silos next to them. It was first excavated in the early 1980s by Ofer Bar-Yosef.</p><br>
<h2>Culture</h2><br>
<p>The culture has been referred to as the Abu Madi Entity as it shows evidence of having retained Natufian characteristics of a temporary settlement, while being at least partly contemporary with the PPNA cultures of the Levant further to the North. It has been dated approximately 10100 to 9700 BP or from between 9660 to 9180 BC with calibrated datings ranging between c. 9750 and 7760 BC. Judging by these radiocarbon dates, Abu Madi has been suggested to be a form of late Khiamian culture. It has been suggested that the dwellings found housed small groups of nuclear families continuing in the Natufian style. A large number of chipped flints were recovered including a new type of aerodynamic arrowhead known as the Abu Madi Point characterised by elongated ovals or rhomboid shapes, occasionally with a small tang. Abu Madi has been suggested to be amongst the ten probable centers for the origin of agriculture and used in statistical analysis to determine the rate of spread into Europe.</p><br>
<h2>Literature</h2><br>
<p>Bar-Yosef, Ofer., Neolithic Sites in Sinai, Frey and Uerpmann 1981, Beiträge zur Umweltgeschichte des Vorderen Orients, Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients (TAVO) A 8, Wiesbaden, pp. 217–235, 19 pages, 1981.</p><br>
<p>Gopher, Avi., Flint tool industries of the Neolithic period in Israel, Ph.D. thesis, Hebrew University Jerusalem, 389 pages, 1985.</p><br>
<p>Kuijt, I. Bar-Yosef, O., Radiocarbon Chronology for the Levantine Neolithic: Observations and Data, Radiocarbon, 36, 227–245, 1994.</p><br>
<p>Gopher, A., Arrowheads of the Neolithic Levant. A Seriation Analysis, Ph.D. thesis. American Schools of Oriental Research. Dissertation Series 10, 1994.</p><br>
<p>Galtee Castle was a mansion that was situated on the foothills of the Galtee Mountains at Skeheenarinky in County Tipperary, Ireland approximately 10 km. from Mitchelstown.</p><br>
<h2>Origins</h2><br>
<p>The original structure was built as a hunting lodge for the 2nd Earl of Kingston around 1780. The 3rd Earl further remodeled it (c.1825).</p><br>
<p>In the 1850s, the Kingstons were forced to sell off vast amounts of their landed estate due to debts, including the lodge and approximately 20,000 acresurrounding it. This became a new estate, the majority of which remained leased to tenant farmers.</p><br>
<p>The building was remodeled and expanded c.1892 when its new owner Abel Buckley inherited the estate from his brother Nathaniel, he had previously purchased sole ownership in 1873.</p><br>
<h2>Destruction</h2><br>
<p>The Land Commission; a government agency, acquired the demesne and house in the late 1930s, after allocating the land between afforestation and farmers, the house was offered for sale. The commission accepted an offer from Fr. Tobin of Glanworth, County Cork, who wished to use the stone and the slates to build a new church in his parish. The building was thus torn down and dismantled c. 1941.</p><br>
<p>Today very little is left on the site of the former house; some of the lower base foundations are all that remain. Nearby are some estate cottages and two gate houses. The woods and trails around the site have been developed as a public amenity area known as Galtee Castle Woods.</p><br>
<h2>Related</h2><br>
<p>Mitchelstown Castle</p><br>
<p>Labweh , Laboué, Labwe or Al-Labweh is a village at an elevation of 950 m on a foothill of the Anti-Lebanon mountains in Baalbek District, Baalbek-Hermel Governorate, Lebanon.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Neolithic settlements represented at Labweh have been found dating to at least the 7th millennium BC. It has been suggested that it was known to the Egyptians as Labu, to the Assyrians as Labau and as Lebo-hamath to the Hebrews. This has been associated with the Hamath mentioned in the Book of Kings and the Book of Ezekiel noted as the Northern border of King Solomon&#39;s territory. Labweh in the original Syriac tongue means "heart" or "center", it also has been suggested to come from the Arabic for "lion" or "lioness". The village has several archaeological sites of interest including three old caves with Roman-Byzantine sarcophagi and the remains of a temple. There are also remains of a Byzantine bastion and a Roman dam suggested to date to the reign of Queen Zenobia. Legend suggests that channels were carved through the rock to send water to her lands in Palmyra, Syria.</p><br>
<h2>Labweh Springs and Labweh River</h2><br>
<p>The village is located on a hill 26 km northeast of Baalbek, which gives its name to the Labweh Springs and Labweh River, one of the sources of the Orontes.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeological sites</h2><br>
<p>Soundings and analysis of archaeological sites in Labweh were made by Lorraine Copeland and Peter Wescombe in 1966 with later excavations by Diana Kirkbride in 1969. Tell Labweh, Tell Labweh South or Labweh I sits to the south of the village with another site to the north. The surface of Tell Labweh had been damaged by modern agriculture and it had been cut in half by road construction. Several burials were discovered inside the remains of rectangular buildings with white and red plaster floors. The remains of stone walls were found at lower levels and it is thought that the buildings may have used mud bricks at higher levels.</p><br>
<p>Early neolithic finds included a large number of fragments of limestone White Ware or "Vassille Blanche", along with later pottery called dark faced burnished ware or DFBW. Only one vessel was reconstructed from the initial excavations; a bowl with combed finishing. Other shards included jars and bowls of a black, brown or red colour, one showed a straw wiped finish normally found in sites further South in the Jordan Valley. Others showed decorations such as chevrons, incised patterns and corded impressions.</p><br>
<p>Tell Labweh North is another large archaeological site, a few hundred metres north on the other side of the village and springs. Finely denticulated sickle blades, arrowheads and trapezoidal, flaked axes and fragments of white ware along with burnished pottery with patterns and a fragment of obsidian were collected from the surface of the site. Most of the finds indicated settlement around the time of Tell Labweh (South) and Byblos.</p><br>
<h2>Roman temple</h2><br>
<p>There are the ruins of a Roman temple in the village that are included in a group of Temples of the Beqaa Valley. It was a prostyle type but only one block of the western wall remained visible. Modern construction built a house inside the temple. There are around twenty temples located between Labweh and Ain el-Baid.</p><br>
<h2>Literature</h2><br>
<p>Kirkbride, Diana., Early Byblos and the Bakaa, Volume 45 (Pages 43–60), Mélanges de l&#39;Université Saint-Joseph (Beirut Lebanon), 1969.</p><br>
<p>Copeland, Lorraine and Westcombe, Peter., Inventory of Stone Age Sites in Lebanon Part 2: North - South - East Central Lebanon Volume 42 (Pages 1–174) Mélanges de l&#39;Université Saint-Joseph (Beirut Lebanon), 1966.</p><br>
<p>The Henry Lischer House is a historic building located in the Hamburg Historic District in Davenport, Iowa, United States. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. Clausen was married to Henry Fischer&#39;s daughter Johanna.</p><br>
<h2>Henry Lischer</h2><br>
<p>The home is associated with Henry Lischer, the owner and publisher of one of Davenport’s German-language newspapers, Der Demokrat. The paper was founded by Theodor Gülich in November 1851. Lischer and his partner, Theodor Olshausen, bought the paper in 1856. Both were German immigrants who became newspapermen in St. Louis, Missouri. At its inception the paper was aligned with the political philosophy, and financial support, of the Democratic Party. However, it was a “free paper” that was not beholden to party doctrines and supported the right of freedom and human rights.</p><br>
<p>The Dr. Heinrich Matthey House is a historic home located in the Hamburg Historic District in Davenport, Iowa, United States. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. On the east side of house is a projecting window bay and a tower on the southeast corner of the house that are reminiscent of the Queen Anne style.</p><br>
<h2>Dr. Heinrich Matthey</h2><br>
<p>The home is associated with Davenport physician Heinrich Matthey. He and his twin brother Carl were born on October 20, 1852 to Heinrich and Emilie (Kuntz) Matthey in Prussia. When he was 21, Heinrich immigrated to Milwaukee, Wisconsin with his parents in 1873. They moved to Davenport three years later. He joined his father in publishing the Sternan Banner. In 1880 he moved to Sterling, Illinois where he published the Sterling Beobachter. After two years he sold the paper and returned to Germany where he studied medicine in Leipzig and Würzburg, graduating in 1887. His brother Carl, who had stayed in Germany to study medicine, moved to Davenport and set up his medical practice. Heinrich returned to Davenport upon the completion of his studies and set up his practice. The two brothers merged their practices in 1889. The following year Heinrich married Hilda Mueller, daughter of lumber baron Chris Mueller, and they raised two children. Heinrich spent two terms on the school board.</p><br>
<p>Serra d&#39;Espadà  is a 51 km long mountain range in the Alt Palància, Alt Millars and Plana Baixa comarcas, in the Province of Castellón, Valencian Community, Spain. Its highest point is La Ràpita .</p><br>
<p>Road N-234 winds its way between the Serra d&#39;Espadà and Sierra de Javalambre reaching the coast at Sagunto and the Autopista AP-7.</p><br>
<h2>Olive Oil Protected Designation of Origin (PDO)</h2><br>
<p>Together with Serra Calderona, a parallel range only 25 km to the south, the Serra dEspadà constitutes a defined ecoregion in the foothills of the Iberian System that are closest to the Mediterranean Sea coast. In many areas of the mountainsides olive trees are grown. Their olives produce excellent oil that has been awarded Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) and has been included by the global Slow Food movement in the Ark of Taste international catalogue of heritage foods in danger of extinction. This oil is marketed as Aceite de las Sierras Espadán y Calderona (Oli de les Serres dEspadà i la Calderona).</p><br>
<h2>Natural Park</h2><br>
<p>There are also Cork Oak forests in these mountains, as well as springs and shady ravines. The Serra d&#39;Espadà Natural Park is located in this range. Within this well-kept park there are numerous marked paths for hikers.</p><br>
<h2>Features</h2><br>
<p>Sierra de Utiel  is a 16.45 km long mountain range in the Alt Palància, Alt Millars and Plana Baixa comarcas, Valencian Community, Spain. Its highest point is the 1,306 m high El Remedio . There is often snow in the winter.</p><br>
<h2>Minor ranges</h2><br>
<p>There are four ranges running parallel to each other:</p><br>
<p>Sierra del Negrete, also known as Sierra del Remedio (Serra del Remei), the main range, with the 1,306 m high El Remedio (El Remei), where there is a shrine</p><br>
<p>and the Cerrochico (1,223 m).</p><br>
<p>The Sierra de Utiel proper with the 1,112 m high Cabeza del Fraile</p><br>
<p>The Sierra de Juan Navarro with the 1,177 m high Cinco Pinos, the Juan Navarro (1,167 m) and the Ropé (1,140 m), where both former ranges merge to meet the tectonic depression of Chera.</p><br>
<p>The Sierra de la Atalaya, whose highest summit is La Atalaya (1,157 m).</p><br>
<p>The Utiel Range has been declared a Site of Community Importance (SCI).</p><br>
<p>Serra Calderona , often referred to as La Calderona is a 49 km long mountain range in the Camp de Túria, Horta Nord and Alt Palància comarcas of the Valencian Community, between the provinces of Castelló and Valencia Spain.</p><br>
<p>This moderately high range is an eastern prolongation of the Sierra de Javalambre. Its highest point is El Gorgo (907 m). Other important summits are Muntanya del Garbí (600 m) and El Puntal de l&#39; Abella (635 m).</p><br>
<p>The range was formerly known as Monts de Porta Coeli, after the Carthusian Monastery of Porta Coeli located in the mountains. The name Calderona originated in the seventeenth century when a woman known as María Calderón "La Calderona", one of the favourite mistresses of King Philip IV of Spain, hid in these mountains among the highwaymen.</p><br>
<h2>Olive oil Protected Designation of Origin (PDO)</h2><br>
<p>Together with Serra dEspadà, a parallel range only 25 km to the north, the Serra Calderona constitutes a defined ecoregion in the foothills of the Iberian System that are closest to the Mediterranean Sea coast. In many areas of the mountainsides olive trees are grown. Their olives produce excellent oil that has been awarded Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) and has been included by the global slow food movement in the Ark of Taste international catalogue of heritage foods in danger of extinction. This oil is marketed as Aceite de las Sierras Espadán y Calderona (Oli de les Serres dEspadà i la Calderona).</p><br>
<h2>Natural Park</h2><br>
<p>There are numerous caves in these mountains, as well as deep river gorges. Formerly these mountains were a fearful place for travellers, for they were haunted by bandits or highwaymen, known locally as roders. The Natural Park of the Calderona Range is located in the Serra Calderona. Within this well-kept park there are numerous marked paths for hikers.</p><br>
<h2>Features</h2><br>
<p>The Mount Fremont Fire Lookout is a fire lookout in the northern region of Mount Rainier National Park at an elevation above 7,000 ft, the highest in the park. One of four fire lookouts remaining in the park, the lookout is used for visitor services during summer weekends. The building is about 14 by, and was designed by the National Park Service Branch of Plans and designs under the supervision of Acting Chief Architect Edwin A. Nickel. It was built in 1933. The two-story structure features a balconied lookout on the second level, with storage on the ground level. Cables secured to deadmen keep the lookout from blowing over. The Park Service was assisted during construction by the Emergency Conservation Works Association.</p><br>
<p>The lookout was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 13, 1991. It is part of the Mount Rainier National Historic Landmark District, which encompasses the entire park and which recognizes the park&#39;s inventory of Park Service-designed rustic architecture.</p><br>
<p>The Nisqually Entrance Historic District comprises the first public entrance to Mount Rainier National Park. The district incorporates the log entrance arch typical of all Mount Rainier entrances, a log frame ranger station and checking station, a comfort station and miscellaneous service structures, all built around 1926, as well as the 1915 Superintendent&#39;s Residence and the 1908 Oscar Brown Cabin, the oldest remaining structure in the park. The buildings in the district conform to the principles of the National Park Service Rustic style that prevailed in park design of the 1920s and 1930s.</p><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 13, 1991. It is part of the Mount Rainier National Historic Landmark District, which encompasses the entire park and which recognizes the park&#39;s inventory of Park Service-designed rustic architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Features</h2><br>
<p>The Nisqually Entrance Ranger Station was designed by National Park Service architect Daniel R. Hull and built in 1926, replacing the Oscar Brown Cabin as the first point of visitor contact upon entry to the park. The one-story L-shaped log cabin contained an office space and residences for two rangers. The front extension adjoiuns the road and functions as a checking station for entering cars. The station was featured in Thomas Chalmers Vints Park and Recreation Structures publication, illustrating the principles of rustic park architecture. It was renovated by Civilian Conservation Corps workers in 1936, with a porte-cochere addition over the inbound traffic lane added in 1937 The porte-cocheres checking booth was destroyed in 1946 by a bus. A new, free-standing booth was built on an island in 1962. Interior renovations in 1937, 1966 and 1973 altered original interior details.</p><br>
<p>The Superintendents Residence is a 1-1/2 story timber framed structure, built as winter quarters for the parks superintendent. Between 1915 and 1923 the superintendents lived at Longmire in the summer. From 1924 Superintendent O.A. Tomlinson made the Nisqually residence the permanent superintendents home. It has continued in that use. The house was built by DeWitt Reaburn, and originally measured 30 ft by 45 ft with an 8 ft by 30 ft porch across the front. An extensive renovation in 1965 added a carport and covered walkway joining it to the house. he original double-hung window sashes were replaced with sliding units and the interior was remodeled. The porchs log posts were replaced with heavy dimension lumber at some point.</p><br>
<p>The Ranger&#39;s Residence is a 1-1/2 story frame house in a split-level plan, built in 1915 by the Park Service.</p><br>
<p>The Oscar Brown Cabin was named after its first occupant, a park ranger who was of the first permanent rangers in the park. Built in 1908, the cabin functioned as a checking station for visitors entering the park and was the parks headquarters until 1916. The log house features an elaborate two-story front porch in varying sizes of logs. The upper level features an arched log from which small logs radiate to the roof gable, forming a sort of sunburst screen. A small lean-to bay was added in 1909, with another addition to the rear in 1910 that may have functioned as the superintendents office. The cabin was the superintendent&#39;s winter quarters until 1915.</p><br>
<p>Other buildings in the district include an equipment building and mens and womens comfort stations (1927).</p><br>
<p>Lindsay Park is a 31 acre park. located in the Village of East Davenport in Davenport, Iowa, United States. The lower park is a contributing property of the Davenport Village Historic District that has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1980, and the upper park is part of the McClellan Heights Historic District which was listed on the national register in 1984. of which Lindsay Park is a part. The park also hosts the annual Riverssance Festival of Fine Art.</p><br>
<h2>Camp McClellan</h2><br>
<p>The park served as the parade grounds for the Union Army stationed at Camp McClellan during the American Civil War. Camp McClellan was laid out in August 1861. It was the largest of the five camps that were in and around the city of Davenport.</p><br>
<p>Highbury Hill in Clutton, Somerset, England is the site of the earthwork remains of an Iron Age univallate hillfort. It occupies an area of woodland at the end of a narrow ridge. It is a Scheduled Ancient Monument, meaning that it is a nationally important archaeological site or historic building, given protection against unauthorised change.</p><br>
<p>The 3 hectare site lies in an area of woodland at the south eastern end of a narrow ridge with steep slopes around it. There is a 0.5 m outer bank which is 8 m long with a shallow 8 m wide ditch.</p><br>
<p>Some Roman silver coins were found at the site in the late 18th century.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>Hill forts developed in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age, roughly the start of the first millennium BC. The reason for their emergence in Britain, and their purpose, has been a subject of debate. It has been argued that they could have been military sites constructed in response to invasion from continental Europe, sites built by invaders, or a military reaction to social tensions caused by an increasing population and consequent pressure on agriculture. The dominant view since the 1960s has been that the increasing use of iron led to social changes in Britain. Deposits of iron ore were located in different places to the tin and copper ore necessary to make bronze, and as a result trading patterns shifted and the old elites lost their economic and social status. Power passed into the hands of a new group of people. Archaeologist Barry Cunliffe believes that population increase still played a role and has stated " provided defensive possibilities for the community at those times when the stress burst out into open warfare. But I wouldn&#39;t see them as having been built because there was a state of war. They would be functional as defensive strongholds when there were tensions and undoubtedly some of them were attacked and destroyed, but this was not the only, or even the most significant, factor in their construction".</p><br>
<p>The historic 1889 Boyle Hotel is across the street from the Mariachi Plaza at the corner of Boyle Avenue, First Street and Pleasant Avenue in the East Los Angeles community of Boyle Heights. The building was formerly a hotel and commercial shops line the first floor of this Queen Anne Style building. In 2007 the building was declared a Los Angeles Cultural Monument.</p><br>
<p>The building was rehabilitated by East LA Community Corporation as affordable housing. Ernesto Espinoza is the Director of Real Estate Development for East LA Community Corporation who helped line up the $25 million in public and private subsidies to develop 51 units of affordable housing at the Boyle Hotel – Cummings Block and adjacent parcels. ELACC added a new 20-unit apartment building adjacent to the Boyle Hotel on the Cummings Block.</p><br>
<p>Paionia  is a municipality in the Kilkis regional unit of Central Macedonia, Greece. The seat of the municipality is the town Polykastro. The municipality is named after the ancient region of Paeonia. It has an area of 919.276 km.</p><br>
<h2>Municipality</h2><br>
<p>The municipality Paionia was formed at the 2011 local government reform by the merger of the following 5 former municipalities, that became municipal units:</p><br>
<p>Axioupoli</p><br>
<p>Evropos</p><br>
<p>Goumenissa</p><br>
<p>Livadia</p><br>
<p>Polykastro</p><br>
<h3>Province</h3><br>
<p>The province of Paionia (Επαρχία Παιονίας) was one of the provinces of the Kilkis Prefecture. Its territory corresponded with that of the current municipality Paionia, except the municipal unit Polykastro. It was abolished in 2006.</p><br>
<p>The Jastro Building, also known as the Standard Oil Building, is a historic office building in Bakersfield, California. The structure was placed on the National Register of Historic Places  on September 22, 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Structure</h2><br>
<p>The Jastro Building a two-story structure in downtown Bakersfield, California. Built in the late-Second Renaissance Revival architecture style, it was constructed in two sections in 1917 and 1921, the latter added a 10,000 ft&sup2; wing. The first floor is designed in a "C" shape, with an indentation at the rear of the building. The second floor has an "H" shape design with an indented porch over the front, south-facing facade of the building; the main entrance is located on the first floor below the porch. The structure has a flat roof with boxed cornice bracketed parapet. The windows are vertical, 2-sash casement windows with transom. The second story center porch windows have molded arches with frieze.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The Standard Oil Company entered the substantial oil industry in Kern County in 1902 to develop its holdings in the Kern River Oil Field. With the construction of the Jastro Building, the company moved its Central California operations to Bakersfield. At the time it was built, the building was the first commercial building in the downtown commercial district built across the city&#39;s G Street. It is one of the finest examples of its type of architecture to survive the devastating 1952 Kern County earthquake relatively unscathed.</p><br>
<p>Coldham Hall is a Grade I listed building, built in 1574, that is located in the parish of Stanningfield in Suffolk. The Hall is very close to the village of Lawshall, and part of the Coldham estate is located within this parish.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Coldham Hall is a large Tudor country house that was constructed in 1574 for Sir Robert Rookwood (or Rokewood) of Stanningfield. A notable feature of this two-storey building is the great hall, with a long gallery in the roof space some 32 metres long, running from east to west. Internal alterations undertaken around 1770 include a Roman Catholic chapel with delicate plasterwork, leading from the long gallery.</p><br>
<p>Mid-nineteenth century alterations, including loggias on the east and south side, are now removed, but various window alterations at the rear and a service wing at the north end remain. The house was restored around 1980.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Following its construction by Robert Rookwood in 1574, Coldham Hall remained the property of the Rookwood family for almost three centuries, until 1869.</p><br>
<p>The Hall has had a number of famous residents including Ambrose Rookwood who was involved in the Gunpowder plot and was executed in 1605. The Rookwood family continued in the Roman Catholic faith, as shown by the two chapels and several priest holes at Coldham. A remarkable feature of the history of Stanningfield and Lawshall has been the continuity of Roman Catholicism from the Middle Ages to the present day, in a predominantly Protestant area.</p><br>
<p>While the property remained in the Rookwood family until 1869, the estate passed through the female line to the Gages of Hengrave and was let to a tenant, Robert Taylor in the 1840s. In 1869 the estate was sold to Richard Holt-Lomax, whose family held it until 1893.</p><br>
<p>The purchaser in 1893 was Lieutenant Colonel Henry Trafford-Rawson who developed Coldham as a shooting estate, enlarging old clumps of woodland and planting new blocks, some very close to the Hall. After the death of the Colonel&#39;s son, Captain John Henry Edmund Trafford-Rawson (of the West Yorkshire Regiment like his father), on the Somme during the Great War, the Coldham estate was purchased in 1918 by Colonel Everard Hambro, who lived there until his death in 1952.</p><br>
<p>In 1952 the estate was purchased by Richard Duce who owned the property for 27 years before selling it to David Hart, an adviser to Margaret Thatcher, in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Since then the estate has been owned by Jens Pilo; and more recently Matthew Vaughn and his supermodel wife Claudia Schiffer, the current owners.</p><br>
<h2>Gardens and grounds</h2><br>
<p>The house is approached down an avenue of trees and by crossing two small lakes in the valley bottom, which drain to the River Lark. From time out of mind there has been a footpath alongside the grounds of the Hall, giving parishioners past and present a view of the mansion.</p><br>
<h2>Community</h2><br>
<p>In the past Coldham Hall had strong links with the local communities of Lawshall and Stanningfield, with many local women working in service at the main house and local men employed on the estate as agricultural workers or grooms. In the 1920s Christmas parties for the children of the employees at Coldham Hall were held in the Emancipation Chapel at Stanningfield.</p><br>
<p>The field near the main entrance on to the Bury Road, Lawshall was actively used for both football and cricket for many years. The clubs relocated more than 40 years ago but the Coldham Hall Football Club still plays in the Bury & District Sunday Football League, and the Hartest & Coldham Hall Cricket Club in the Hunts County Bats Suffolk Cricket League.</p><br>
<p>David Hart maintained a rapport with the local community by inviting local residents to Coldham Hall on 5 November, Guy Fawkes Night, to acknowledge the estate&#39;s link with the Gunpowder plot with a fireworks display and synchronised music from a brass band.</p><br>
<h2>Folklore</h2><br>
<p>A tunnel is said to have run from Coldham Hall to the 16th-century Lawshall Hall in Lawshall, a mile to the south.</p><br>
<h2>Notable former and current residents</h2><br>
<p>The following residents lived at the Coldham Hall:</p><br>
<p>Ambrose Rookwood - a member of the failed 1605 Gunpowder Plot, a conspiracy to replace the Protestant King James I with a Catholic monarch.</p><br>
<p>David Hart - an adviser to Margaret Thatcher, a British writer and businessman who lived at Coldham Hall and Chadacre Hall.</p><br>
<p>The current residents are:</p><br>
<p>Matthew Vaughn - an English film producer and director.</p><br>
<p>Claudia Schiffer - a German "supermodel" and occasional actress.</p><br>
<h2>Location grid</h2><br>
<p>The Tobruk Memorial Baths is a heritage-listed complex of outdoor swimming pools on The Strand, Townsville CBD, City of Townsville, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1941 to 1950 by Townsville City Council as a World War II memorial. The baths were added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 13 January 1995.</p><br>
<p>The Tobruk Memorial Baths features a 50-metre Olympic-size swimming pool, a 25-metre heated pool used for children&#39;s swimming, lessons and physiotherapy and a toddlers pool. There is an on-site kiosk. The facade is a vibrant blue-and-white art deco design.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Tobruk Memorial Baths were commenced in 1941 and completed in 1950. An initiative of the Townsville City Council, the baths were intended initially simply as a civic amenity, to replace older city baths. In December 1941, however, the Council decided to name the baths in honour of the Australian servicemen who had taken part in the Siege of Tobruk (Tubruq).</p><br>
<p>Tobruk Memorial Baths were erected on a site associated with sea bathing since at least the 1870s. The first European settlement at Townsville was concentrated in the area of Flinders Street East and The Strand, and The Strand and Cleveland Bay foreshore developed as one of the earliest recreation venues in Townsville. As early as 1866, Townsville&#39;s more affluent residents were constructing homes along the beachfront, and by 1872, three hotels had been erected opposite the present Anzac Memorial Park. The Strand was unformed at this time, being little more than a track along the foreshore, and there were no shade trees, but the beach was popular with bathers (mainly male) from at least the late 1870s.</p><br>
<p>In 1881 the town council planted 30 cedar trees along the foreshore, and added cocoa and betel nut trees in early 1882. In 1883, following strong public demand, a road was made along the beach front to Kissing Point. By 1889, The Strand, between King Street and Kissing Point, made a glorious promenade on a moonlight night when the breeze blows straight and cool from Magnetic Island, and a temporary reserve for public baths (R.182) adjacent to the present Anzac Memorial Park and opposite a quarry was gazetted in February that year. This reserve comprised an area of nearly 7 acres, extending from low water mark to a little above high water mark, on which the Townsville Municipal Council spent approximately &pound;1,000 in erecting sea baths. Part of this reserve was occupied later by the Tobruk Memorial Baths.</p><br>
<p>The whole of the foreshore between King and Howitt Streets was gazetted a temporary reserve for public purposes in February 1901. A section of this, between the Cleveland and King Streets, was proclaimed a permanent reserve for park purposes in June 1912, and extended as far as the sea baths in 1926. From at least the 1920s, The Strand Park was a focus for Anzac Day activities. A memorial clocktower was erected in the park in 1923–1924, and in 1934 the name of the park was changed to Anzac Memorial Park. When the Tobruk Memorial Baths were constructed 1941–1950, their location along The Strand reflected not only the long association of the area with public swimming, but also with commemorative activity, iconography and place.</p><br>
<p>Work on the baths commenced in late 1941, as a City Council initiative to provide Townsville with an Olympic standard pool. At the time there was considerable public opposition to the use of Council finance for such an amenity during a war, and a petition was raised to the Queensland Government to have the project stopped. Cabinet found that the Townsville City Council had complied with the necessary formalities in relation to war-time building restrictions, the petition was rejected, and work went ahead until Townsville became an important base for the Allied offensive in the Pacific War in the first half of 1942.</p><br>
<p>In December 1941, at the height of the controversy, the Townsville City Council decided to name the baths as a memorial to the Australians who had fought and died during the Siege of Tobruk (Tubruq), in the Libyan desert campaign against Germanys "invincible" General Rommel. In one of the most famous sieges in Australian military history, Australias 9th Division joined British forces in holding Tobruk against the German advance for 8 months. The Australian infantry, raiding and patrolling by day and night, dominated the no-man&#39;s land surrounding the Tobruk perimeter and took many prisoners.</p><br>
<p>After the war, work on the baths re-commenced, but was hampered by labour and materials shortages. Tobruk Memorial Baths finally opened to the public on 14 October 1950. They were opened officially on 26 November 1951 by Major-General WJ Windeyer, who was a senior officer at Tobruk. At the time, it was the only public memorial in Australia dedicated specifically to those who had participated in the Tobruk campaign. Inside the main entrance, the Townsville Sub-Branch of the Rats of Tobruk Association erected a marble plaque with the inscription:This memorial stone is dedicated to the sacred memory of fallen comrades who served with the Navy, Army, and Air Force during the memorial siege of Tobruk, Western Desert, Great War II, from April 9, 1941 to December 13, 1941. We shall remember them.Tobruk Memorial Baths were designed and constructed by the Townsville City Councils engineering and works departments, at a cost of approximately &pound;60,000. When completed, the baths comprised a standard 8 lane, 50 metres long Olympic pool, graduating in depth from 3 feet 6 inches to 10 feet, with the depths marked on the side, and a diving platform at the deep end; a toddlers pool with depths ranging from a few inches to 2 feet 6 inches; dressing sheds with central courtyards to permit natural light and ventilation; a cafe; manager&#39;s accommodation; tubular metal grandstands with seating for 250 spectators, along the ocean side of the pool and above the service rooms at the northwestern end of the pool; concrete paving to three sides of the enclosure – the fourth, facing The Strand, was grassed; fencing; and gardens in front of the entrance pavilion, facing Anzac Memorial Park. Particular attention had been paid to lighting, with underwater lamps along the side of the pool, floodlights at either end of the pool which illuminated the length, and enclosure lighting. The main pool was tiled in blue and white, with the lanes demarked by black tiling, at a cost of &pound;6,000. Externally, the entrance pavilion was painted "mist green", and internal walls were in "harvest buff".</p><br>
<p>The opening of the Tobruk Memorial Baths in 1950 re-introduced competitive swimming to Townsville, swimming carnivals having been discouraged during the war with the closure of the old city pool.</p><br>
<p>In 1953, the Reserve for Public Baths was amended as a 3 roods 17 perches site between the high water mark and the road reserve, containing the Tobruk Memorial Baths only. The sea baths, although no longer part of the Reserve, were maintained by the Townsville City Council until collapsing in 1981, at which time the Council decided not to replace them.</p><br>
<p>With the absence of indoor Olympic pools in Australia at that time, the Tobruk Memorial Baths in Townsville was chosen as the best warm climate pool in Australia for winter training for the Australian swimming squad for the 1956 Melbourne Olympic Games and 1960 Rome Olympic Games. Team members include Australian swimming legends Dawn Fraser, Murray Rose and Lorraine Crapp. Six world records and 13 Australian records were set there in one night in 1956, with the footage featured on the first day of television broadcast in Melbourne. Training camps were also held prior to the 1958 Cardiff Commonwealth Games, and for the womens 1964 Tokyo Olympic Team.The 1956 and 1960 teams were the most successful at world level of any Australian swimming teams. The manager of the Tobruk Memorial Baths at that time was Allan "Stumpy" Lawrence. His son, Laurie Lawrence is also well known as one of Australias leading swimming coaches.</p><br>
<p>Since 1987 the Townsville City Council, which previously operated the pool under a manager, now leases the complex to private enterprise. It remains a popular recreational venue in Townsville.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Tobruk Memorial Baths has a rendered masonry pavilion containing an entrance and changing rooms, with an open air Olympic size pool behind. A toddlers pool is between the entrance and the Olympic pool. There is a pitched corrugated iron roof hidden behind a parapet and the central entrance section is two-storeyed. The pavilion has three entrance doors containing etched glass panels with fish and sea horse motifs.</p><br>
<p>The Tobruk Memorial Baths have an attractive landscape setting, comprising grassed surrounds, linear perimeter plantings of Royal Palms (Roystonea regia) and other tropical vegetation including frangipani (Plumeria rubra).</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Tobruk Memorial Baths was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 13 January 1995 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>Tobruk Memorial Baths, constructed over the period 1941–50, are significant as Australia&#39;s most substantial public memorial to the Australians who fought and died during the Siege of Tobruk (Tubruq), a coastal town on the edge of the Libyan desert, from 9 April to 13 December 1941.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>Tobruk Memorial Baths is an example of a number of swimming pool complexes built in Queensland in the late 1940s and 1950s to commemorate the sacrifices made by those who served in the Second World War.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>Tobruk Memorial Baths are a fine example of civic design, and incorporate motifs relating to swimming and the sea in the etched glass of the entrance doors. Tobruk Memorial Baths are situated adjacent to Anzac Memorial Park and The Strand. The baths and grounds contribute strongly to the aesthetic quality of the area through the distinctive architectural style of the entrance pavilion and the attractive landscaped setting.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>Tobruk Memorial Baths are significant for their close association with Australia&#39;s preparation for the 1956 and 1960 Olympic Games, being the winter training venue for some of our most successful gold medallists, including Dawn Fraser and John and Ilsa Konrads, who raised the status and popularity of swimming as a competitive sport in Australia.</p><br>
<p>The Spade Ranch Store or Morgan&#39;s Store is a general store in the small town of Ellsworth, Nebraska providing supplies and services to area ranchers and passing motorists. Built in 1898 as a company store as well as the main offices for the expansive Spade Ranch, the store was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the early 1890s, Ellsworth located on the Burlington Railroad line, offered only a depot, school, and section house. In about 1898 the Spade Ranch erected a store, a hotel, and stockyards. The store building, built by W.T. Merrit, served as office headquarters for the ranch, a general supply store and a post office. At the height of the Spade Ranch operations, a six-team wagon made trips from the Ellsworth Store to the store located at the Spade Headquarters 23 miles north east every three days. In 1927 after the foreclosure of the ranch, the store building was sold to Abbott Interest who hired Lawrence Graham to assume its management. Between 1928 and 1950, Lawrence and his wife, Hazel, operated the store, living in the apartment above. During this time, gasoline pumps were added. In 1950, Lawrence and Hazel Graham purchased the store from Abbott Interest. After Lawrences death in 1960, Hazel and her son, Roy, continued to operate the store until 1967. The store remained vacant from 1967 until 1971, when it was sold to Veldon Morgan, a former Spade Cowboy, and son Wade Morgan who built two large warehouse additions to the original store for use as a western tack and saddle manufacturing plant with over 200 employees. Morgans western equipment was sold nationwide and achieved much success throughout the 1970s and 1980s. Beginning in the early 1990s Morgan&#39;s began to downsize until 2000 when all factory operations ceased because of shifting markets. Today Wade Morgan operates as a ranch supply and general store, serving Ellsworth and the surrounding area.</p><br>
<p>Daniels Recital Hall, formerly the First United Methodist Church, is a preserved church sanctuary that has been re-purposed into a recital hall. It was built in 1908 on the northeast corner of Fifth Avenue and Marion Street in Seattle, Washington, United States. The recital hall opened in 2009 hosting concerts that use the already existing church acoustics.</p><br>
<p>The hall is owned by Nitze-Stagen & Co. who saved it in a deal that was met with the First United Methodist Church. This deal brought an end to a nearly 25-year battle for the preservation of the site.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>Built by the architects of firm Schack and Huntington, the structure is commonly placed into the Beaux arts style of architecture. This is important in that previously churches in the area had been built in what is commonly considered the Gothic Revival style of architecture. This shift is considered to be the result of a progressive change in order to reference the new age of the 20th century. The change is thought to be a representation of a new simpler time as shown with the simple, yet still elegant exterior terracotta reliefs, and the harmonious synchronization of how these pieces become a whole.</p><br>
<p>The buildings base measures at 114 ft by 165 ft with a maximum height of 66 ft from street level. The form is a centrally planned Bastille like structure modeled after classical churches such as the order of Saints Sergius and Bacchus in Constantinople. The rectangular base rises from the ground with a terracotta vine pattern relief cornice, which has since been removed. The façade is a large beige brick with a light cream colored terracotta trim. All four sides of the base have been extruded to create 4 alcoves. There lie fenestrations on three of the four sides of the base, with original elegant stained glass windows laid into each of the openings. In the final alcove the structure houses a full pipe organ, as well as a stage which was previously used as the churchs altar. On top of the base lies a cylinder with stained glass windows that allows light into the interior shaft. Above that is a 64’ in diameter dome that is covered in red terracotta tile paneling.</p><br>
<p>The main room is a large auditorium. This space is 3 stories tall going from the floor to the top of the dome measures 66’ in height. The ground level houses enough seating for 1,224 people. The west alcove is where the altar lies. In the other three are the entrance to the east, and the stairs to the three upper galleries which house an additional 600 seats. The basement houses the footing for the primary columns which extend up 72’ from the base. This below grade basement houses rooms that were previously meant as a classroom, suit for the pastor, a parlor, a banquet hall, a kitchen, and a few small multi-purpose rooms.</p><br>
<p>The building includes "highly artistic stained glass windows" attributed to Povey Brothers Glass Company.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The early history of the structure was that the ground was broken, and the foundation stone laid in 1907. The First United Methodist church had moved from an older church on 3rd Avenue and Marion Street when the building when it opened in 1908.</p><br>
<p>In 1950 the church had the addition of an education wing added to the South side of the structure. This structure ranged from 2 to 4 stories in height. The addition was to accommodate the large need of the church for a space for community outreach and religious studies. Along with this addition to the education wing, the front entrance was also the tear down and reconstruction on the front stairs on 5th avenue was completed. Due to the new design a scheme, the main entrance is now entered from each side and the back of the main room. This eliminated the original sequence of movement from street to sanctuary, and created a wall along Fifth Avenue.</p><br>
<p>Then in 1984 there was a petition submitted to the National Register of Historic Places to put the site on the list. This motion failed due to the opposition if the church itself needing to gain enough money from the sale to relocate to a more convenient location. The church, city, and preservationists were in a battle until a deal was brought to the table, and agreed upon in 2007.</p><br>
<p>The church was eventually listed on the National Register on January 3, 2011.</p><br>
<p>The elaborate cornice of the sanctuary was removed in 1990. This removal of the cornice still affects the appearance of the building today.</p><br>
<p>The city approved plans put up by the Rainier Club for a skyscraper on the site in 2004. The plan met a great deal of resistance from preservationists. The church never reached a deal with the new development, as such the plan was never implemented.</p><br>
<p>In 2007 Daniels Development took over the land, and as the deal stated in 2008 the church education wing on the southern side of the sanctuary was torn down.</p><br>
<p>In 2009, Mark Andersen was appointed as Artist in Residence, and asked to provide a free noontime concert music series, with performances each month in the sanctuary. More than 57 noontime concerts were presented over 6 years, and many other evening concerts and events were also booked in the Hall. Many of these concerts were filmed and aired on the local television show Crescendo! by International Artists Records. The television program originally aired on SCANTV, and later on Seattle Community Media (SCM) at North Seattle College. Crescendo! also has aired across the country on Time Warner Cable. These concerts continued until December 2014, when preparation for reconstruction of the Recital Hall in 2015 began. The final concert before reconstruction was held December 16, 2014.</p><br>
<p>In 2012, Seattle-based Mars Hill Church leased the building and began holding services. In 2014 the congregation moved out of the building.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>For 25 years preservation of the church was a contested issue between the city, the First United Methodist Church, preservationists, and developers. The first attempt to preserve the church was in 1984. At this time Larry Kreisman presented an application to the national historic registry to have the sanctuary placed on its list of historic places. After the city designated the sanctuary a landmark in 1985, First United won a state Supreme Court decision in 1996 that declared all religious buildings exempt from landmark status.</p><br>
<p>In 1990 the cornice was removed from the sanctuary. This was the first major change to the church itself in terms of preservation since the 1950 addition and remodel. The visual effects of this are still visible on the exterior of the church today.</p><br>
<p>Then in 2004, plans for a tower to be placed on the site gained city approval. This proposal met resistance from preservationists, as well as church officials, for its plan of tearing down the nearly 100-year-old structure. The plan was never implemented, though it led to the city asking the church about its intentions for what would happen to the land and the building. Although the church needed to sell the land to obtain the money necessary to relocate, they did not want the sanctuary itself to be torn down. Discussions continued between the church, the city, preservationists, and developers until 2007 when Kevin Daniels and his company Nitze-Stagen & Co., developed a deal.</p><br>
<p>This deal was approved by all parties. The plan was to tear down the education wing that was built in 1950. The developer would repurpose the sanctuary itself, and build an economically feasible tower in the empty space where the educational wing once stood. The church sanctuary has since been repurposed into a recital hall, and has housed concerts and other events since 2009. Demolition of the educational wing took place in 2008, and construction on the skyscraper The Mark began in October 2014. The tower was scheduled to be finished in 2017.</p><br>
<p>Trimbleville, Pennsylvania, also known as Trimble&#39;s Ford and the Trimbleville Historic District is a hamlet of about six homes, in southern Chester County, Pennsylvania, about two miles south of Marshallton.</p><br>
<p>James Trimble first bought land in the area on the banks of the west branch of the Brandywine River in 1744, with his descendants living in the hamlet until 1948. Several buildings survive from the eighteenth century. Buildings in the area include the Trimble&#39;s farmhouse, a mill, blacksmith and wheelwright shops, and a boarding school. The area was listed by the National Register of Historic Places as a historic district in 1985.</p><br>
<p>During the Battle of Brandywine on September 11, 1777, over 12,000 British troops under Generals William Howe and Charles Cornwallis crossed the west branch of the Brandywine at Trimbles Ford. The troops began the flanking maneuver in Kennett Square, made their first crossing at Trimbles Ford, then crossed the east branch at Jefferis Ford, before engaging the American troops near Birmingham Friends Meetinghouse.</p><br>
<p>Pavlos Melas is a municipality in the regional unit of Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Greece. It was named after the Greek hero of the Macedonian Struggle, Pavlos Melas. It was formed at the administrative reform introduced by the governmental Kallikratis plan . It is the result of the unification of the former municipalities of Efkarpia, Polichni and Stavroupoli. The area of the new Municipality is 23.763 km. Its population is 99,245 based on the last official census of 2011. The seat of the municipality is in Stavroupoli.</p><br>
<h2>Urbanism</h2><br>
<p>The modern outlook of the Municipality is a result of a gradual town planning which is closely connected to the residential course of action of the northern and western prefecture of the previous urban core of Thessaloniki. Since the homing of refugees - when the first systematic settlement of the area of interest takes place - and at different time zones the advent of new populations broadened its district creating urban pocks of residency that according to the circumstances and the time of development they acquired special town planning and social characteristics. Despite the co-ordinated efforts of the past decades of restraint of urban diffusion, it is still ongoing and characterizes the area of the Municipality, including the areas with especially dense urban web but also regions with greater distance from the city center, legally or illegally developed with less urban characteristics. The immediate proximity of the Municipality with transportational axes of entry and exit of the city, in the past and today, has as a result the mixture of usually incompatible practices with the existence of industrial and craft units, enough of which have been abandoned or dis-function. The wide peri-urban zone of the Municipality apart from the production units includes other activities of metropolitan and regional scale, such as the two hospitals and other fallow green and reforested areas of the peri-urban mountainous zone.</p><br>
<p>The Municipality of Pavlos Melas like all other municipalities of Greece have the following responsibilities:</p><br>
<p>Environment</p><br>
<p>Quality of life and orderly function of cities</p><br>
<p>Social Protection</p><br>
<p>Education, Culture and sports</p><br>
<p>Finally, among others and in accordance to the internal regulation plan of Municipalities and Communities, Pavlos Melas exerts state responsibilities at a local level. That is responsibilities on matters of urban situation, concerning granting licenses of retail markets, of outdoor itinerant trade, operation of exhibitions, foundation and operation of flee markets e.t.c.</p><br>
<h2>Subdivisions</h2><br>
<p>Municipal Unit of Efkarpia It is located on the northern side of the Thessaloniki Conurbation and on the northern side of the Municipality of Pavlos Melas. It has a population of 13.905 residents and it includes the following planning sections: Social housing, Old Housing Estate, Travmatioupoli, 4, 5, 6, Efedroupoli, Filothei and Efxinoupoli.</p><br>
<p>Municipal Union of Polichni It is located on the northwest side of the Thessaloniki Conurbation and on the east side of the Municipality of Pavlos Melas. It has a population of 39.332 residents and it includes the following planning sections: Elpidos, 3, 4, 5, Meteora below the grove, Old Housing Estate, 8, Pavlou Mela, 11, Above Asylum, Anthokipoi, Nikopoli, 15 and 16</p><br>
<p>Municipal Union of Stavroupoli It is located on the west side of the Thessaloniki Conurbation and on the southwest side of the Municipality of Pavlos Melas. It has a population of 46.008 residents and it includes the following planning sections: Terpsithea, Ampelones, Neoktista, Above Asylum, Omonia, Ilioupoli, Pronia and Nikopoli.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>As already mentioned the systematic and organized residential settlement in the municipality’s district is detected during the refugee era that is 1914 and since. More specifically, during the years of 1913 until 1916 the first refugee wave which includes populations thrown out in 1913 from west Thrace, in 1914 from Asia Minor (Erithrea, Athramitio, Thekeli, Pergamos, Fokaia) but also in 1916 from Pontos. In a report from the Ministry of Finances are mentioned two organized refugee settlements of that period, one in Lembet and one in Triandria. It should be mentioned that the name for the place Lembet is used for the region around Lagada street, north of the military camp of Pavlos Melas which will later be named Stavroupoli.</p><br>
<p>In 1915 the troops of Endente Cordiale deport in Thessaloniki, the wide area of which will be in the next two years the entrenched military camp and convert with their settlement all the western zone in an immense military camp. The Greek government defines the marshy and fallow land of Zeitenlik as a place of settlement of the allies. With an intermediate limit of Lagada street, the French settled west and around the Lazaristes abbey and the English in the east. The military camp of Pavlos Melas was requisitioned by the Greek government in order to be used by the Greek army. From maps, photos along with film documentaries we have a good picture of the organization of Zeitenlik camp. In the Lazaristes abbey premises there were the military hospitals no 1 and 3, gas depots, post offices, bakery, stables along with a French school which was founded with the initiative of the French general Sarray for the children of the refugees of the neighboring camp of Lembet.</p><br>
<p>The 1917 fire and the efforts of the whole redesign the burnt by fire zone will not only affect the city center but also its immediate perimeter. For the treatment of the fire–stricken people camps were set up from the military authorities in Karaisin in Polihni and in Kalamaria but before the end of 1917 the fire stricken populations of Kalamaria were moved to Karaisin camp as well. For an extended period of time until after civil war times refugee camps keep being as small peri – urban villages. The rural exodus meant the fast expansion of those settlements, since a great number of emigrants settled the region because it provided cheap residence and proximity to the areas of production.</p><br>
<p>Following are, in summary, the most important historical points of interest of the municipality of Pavlos Melas.</p><br>
<p>“Lembet Bank” (M.U. Stavroupoli):</p><br>
<p>It is a tomb of the late Copper age – prime Iron era (2500-950 BC) and 17 redeeming excavations took place on premises, on the top and the slopes of the bank. On the east of the bank and up until the ex military camp of Karatasiou is a cemetery which has been excavated almost completely (20 redeeming excavations) and on which 278 graves have been found dating back to the Archaic and Helenistic period</p><br>
<p>Neolithic settlement in the area of today’s Omonoia (M.U.Stavroupoli):</p><br>
<p>It dates back between 5600 and 4500 BC among the boxed now torrents / streams of Dendropotamos and Platyrematos (Bouboulinas street). In the area approximately 20 private premises have been excavated, without a feasible in situ elevation of the findings. Next to the settlement cemeteries were detected since the Iron period (950-800 BC) and Post Classical times (4th century BC). In opposition to many of the in site findings of Lembet Bank, along with the Neolithic settlement of Omonoia are exhibited on the permanent collections of the Archeological museum of Thessaloniki.</p><br>
<p>Complex of seven watermills and a wine-press (on the east branch of Dendropotamos) (Xiropotamos):</p><br>
<p>Four of these buildings are of the Byzantine era (before 1430) and the rest date back between the 15th and 19th century. This group is of great importance for the Industrial Archeology of Thessaloniki, since it operated since the Byzantine era until recently and it is protected by the Archeological Law. By the survival of the Byzantine complex and its expansion after 1430 it is inferred that Dendropotamos was superfluous in water and the region had organized cultivations with cottages</p><br>
<p>Complex of buildings of Lazaristes abbey and the Sisters of Mercy (Terpsithea - Stavroupoli):</p><br>
<p>That particular complex of buildings was constructed by the monks of the order of St. Vincent of Paul and the Sisters of Mercy in 1883-5 and 1885-92 respectively and they put up mainly orphans and children from Bulgary and operated supplementary since the Sisters of Mercy looked after the children until the age of 15 who then moved to the Lazaristes abbey were they learnt some kind of art or studied in order to become part of the clergy.</p><br>
<p>Military Camp of Pavlos Melas:</p><br>
<p>At around 1895, the Ottoman army, on the grounds of an extended modernizing program, it buys an initial part of landof about 250 hectares. The land is bought by Safiye Hanoun who is the owner of other large stretches on the west side of the town. In 1912 the Greek army will settle at the military camp. From photos of archives of the French military it appears that the grounds were used by the French military allies during the years of 1915-1917. German troops of occupancy will take over the camp in 1940. The Greek army will come back to re-settle in 1945. In 2003 the Ministry of Culture declared the camp as an Ottoman mosque as preservable shells the two long buildings of barracks and the biggest part of the military camp as a historical place. Since the decade of 1970 the camp ceased to be a base of combatant units, the facilities hypofunctioned up until 2006, the time when the camp was definitely abandoned by the army. According to the current regulatory plan of Thessaloniki, the ex-military camp of Pavlos Melas is destined to operate as a hyperlocal green pole of free spaces sport and cultural facilities with reuse of the most important old important military buildings.</p><br>
<p>The ex military camp of Karatasiou:</p><br>
<p>It has an area of approximately 689 square kilometres. During that period 1915-1917 the allies had turned all the available peripheral land in an immense military camp the northwest limits of which must have been around the area of today&#39;s Karatasiou military camp.</p><br>
<h2>Culture</h2><br>
<p>The municipality of Pavlos Melas presents a significant number of cultural infrastructures, with balanced spatial distribution on all 3 Municipal Unities. Alongside, in the municipality a number of cultural activities takes place. More specifically there are the structures below:</p><br>
<p>Cultural Centers:</p><br>
<p>Christos Tsakiris Cultural Center</p><br>
<p>Cultural center of Meteora</p><br>
<p>Cultural center Elpidos</p><br>
<p>Cultural center of Efkarpia</p><br>
<p>Cultural center of Anthokipoi</p><br>
<p>Public Library:</p><br>
<p>Inside the "Christos Tsakiris" Cultural Center (14.000 books)</p><br>
<p>Public Library "Theoklitos Karipidis" (19.800 books)</p><br>
<p>Theaters - Public cinemas:</p><br>
<p>Theater inside the "Christos Tsakiris" Cultural Center</p><br>
<p>Theater of "Ellis Papanayiotou"</p><br>
<p>Open theater of "Kria Vrisi"</p><br>
<p>Open theater of "Byzantine Watermills"</p><br>
<p>Open theater of Efkarpia</p><br>
<p>Summer/ open-air cinema "Tzeni Karezi"</p><br>
<p>Outdoor cultural demonstration spaces:</p><br>
<p>Eleftherias square of Ano Ilioupoli</p><br>
<p>Meteora square "Alexander the Great park"</p><br>
<p>Solonos park</p><br>
<p>Furthermore, in the municipality of Pavlos Melas the following art groups take action:</p><br>
<p>Municipal amateur theatrical group Kapnomagazo</p><br>
<p>Municipal amateur theatrical group Theatrical workshop of Polihni</p><br>
<p>Photo club Opsis</p><br>
<p>Several amateur theatrical groups that function under the supervision of Iris firm</p><br>
<p>The festivals organized in the municipality of Pavlos Melas is:</p><br>
<p>Educational festival</p><br>
<p>Byzantine watermills in Polihni festival</p><br>
<p>Choir meeting Plural Harmony</p><br>
<p>Days of Greek Culture festival</p><br>
<p>Meeting of amateur theater companies in the week of Theater every July</p><br>
<p>Meeting- calling of new artists Anakata</p><br>
<p>Five-day festivals of meeting traditional dance groups Crossroad of tradition</p><br>
<p>Five-day music organization entitled Iris Music Festival</p><br>
<p>Last but not least, it should be mentioned that:</p><br>
<p>In the area the presence of cultural associations is intense (10 in Stavroupoli, 10 in Polihni and 12 in Efkarpia)</p><br>
<p>Significant cultural activity have many parent and guardian associations of schools of the Municipality</p><br>
<p>The enterprise of public benefit of the municipality of Pavlos Melas Iris operates a number of schools and cultural workshops like dance, art, multimedia and computer science</p><br>
<p>In four cultural centers of the municipality operate exhibition spaces of a total area 969 square meters</p><br>
<h2>Sports</h2><br>
<p>Significant is the number of sport facilities recorded in the municipality of Pavlos Melas that holds a great number of sport demonstrations.</p><br>
<p>More specifically as it concerns the sports facilities of the municipality:</p><br>
<p>the facilities of the municipal unity of Stavroupoli come to 32</p><br>
<p>the facilities of the municipal unity of Polihni come to 24 and</p><br>
<p>the facilities of the municipal unity of Efkarpia come to 22.</p><br>
<p>The above-mentioned facilities include:</p><br>
<p>39 football fields, 5x5, volleyball and basketball courts</p><br>
<p>4 big athletic centers</p><br>
<p>2 closed gyms</p><br>
<p>1 gym of heavy sports</p><br>
<p>32 halls of multiple uses in schools, halls in Centers of Open Protection of Seniors (KAPI) and cultural centers of the municipality.</p><br>
<p>Finally, it should be mentioned that in the district 41 sport groups / teams are in action.</p><br>
<h2>Sources</h2><br>
<p>Operational program 2014-2019 of the Municipality of Pavlos Melas Part one Strategic Plan</p><br>
<p>Kourti P. (2013), The refugee settlement of west Thessaloniki and the procreation of the other side, Scientific yearbook of the Thessaloniki Center of History, Volume 8, Thessaloniki</p><br>
<p>Official website of the municipality of Pavlos Melas http://www.pavlosmelas.gr/</p><br>
<p>Lazarides S. (1993) Lembet. Thessaloniki publication of the other side</p><br>
<p>Code of Municipalities and Communities</p><br>
<p>Cloughoughter Castle is a ruined circular castle on a small island in Lough Oughter, 4 km east of the town of Killeshandra in County Cavan, Ireland.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The castle is located in the historic Kingdom of Breifne, specifically in the part that would later be subdivided into East Breifne, roughly corresponding to County Cavan. Prior to the construction of the castle, the spot may have been a crannóg. In the latter part of the 12th century, it was under the control of the O&#39;Rourkes, but it seems to have come into the hands of the Anglo-Norman William Gorm de Lacy after the Normans wrest control of some of the territory from that ruling clan. While the exact date construction began is unknown, it is estimated to have started in the first quarter of the 13th century. Architectural elements date the lower two storeys of cloughoughter to this time.</p><br>
<p>In 1233, the OReilly clan took possession of the area and completed the castle. They retained it for centuries in the midst of their ongoing conflicts with the ORourkes and with members of their own clan. It was there that Philip O&#39;Reilly was imprisoned in the 1360s with "no allowance save a sheaf of oats for day and night and a cup of water, so that he was compelled to drink his own urine."</p><br>
<h2>After the Plantations</h2><br>
<p>Possession of Cloughoughter was granted to servitor Hugh Culme during the forced Plantation of Ulster. Culme stupidly did not dwell in the castle, but built a new residence upon the nearby lake shore. The Castle was reinforced and used as an armory but no inhabitation. Culme thought it safe enough to live on the nearby shores. However, Hugh Culme&#39;s fortune defied reality as he was subsequently imprisoned in his own armory with large numbers of his fellow planters.</p><br>
<p>During the Irish Rebellion of 1641, Philip O&#39;Reilly, then an MP for Cavan and secret leader of the Indigenous Irish revolutionaries, succeeded in a conspiracy at capturing Hugh Culme and seizing control of the castle. During this final phase of its active existence, it was used as a prison. In this capacity Culme along with other foreign Planters, were imprisoned for years.</p><br>
<p>In 1649 Owen Roe ONeill, the commander of the Ulster Army died at the castle. For the remaining years of the rebellion, OReilly retained it as an island fortification, holding it a total of 12 years before it was besieged. Finally, The British Cromwellian forces had defeated the surrounding indigenous Irish armies, pushed the defenses back to the lake, recovered the lake-shore and proceeded to bombard the castle from positions in the townland of Innishconnell. When the castle finally fell and the indigenous Irish captured in March 1653, it was the last stronghold of the rebellion to fall.</p><br>
<p>Left in ruins, the castle became a frequent subject of art in the 18th and 19th centuries. Its visual impact was described in a travelogue published The Dublin University Magazine in 1852:</p><br>
<p>It stands on a small island, scarce three hundred feet in diameter, just sufficient to contain the castle and a small margin of rock around it. The island stands in very deep water; the shores are a mile distant, wild, yet thickly wooded. The castle is a beautiful ruin, round, massive, hoary, save where mantled with rich Irish ivy. The walls are immensely thick, with embrasures and coved windows, round which "ruin greenly dwells." It is unlike most Irish castles, which are square.</p><br>
<p>Conservation efforts were begun on the castle in 1987.</p><br>
<p>Tell Khazzami or Tell El Khazzami is a small prehistoric, Neolithic Tell, about 150 m in diameter, located around 25 km Southeast of Damascus in Syria. It was destroyed by the construction of Damascus International Airport.</p><br>
<p>Four soundings were taken in a rescue mission in 1967 by Henri de Contenson who produced the first report in 1968. A single level of occupation was found with compartmentalised buildings made of regular shaped bricks and lime plaster floors with small hearths. Relatively advanced flint sickles and blades were found along with obsidian blades and relatively few arrowheads. Mortars and a base made of basalt were found. Contenson suggested that harvesting of cereals would have been more important than hunting for the inhabitants. Extensive amounts of pottery were recovered from the site including hand finished flat base dishes, deep bowls and jars. Vessels had handles, knobs, decoration and often given a red wash,</p><br>
<h2>Literature</h2><br>
<p>de Contenson, Henri., Rapport préliminaire sur les fouilles à Tell el Khazzami en 1967, Annales Archéologiques Arabes Syriennes XVIII, 1968, p. 55-62.</p><br>
<p>de Contenson, Henri., Le Néolithique à lEst.de la Ghouta: Aswad, Ghoraifé et Khazzami, Contribution française à larchéologie syrienne 1969-1989, Damas, 1989, p. 33-36.</p><br>
<p>The 14th Regiment Armory, also known as the Eighth Avenue Armory and the Park Slope Armory, is a historic National Guard armory building located in the South Slope neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York City. It is a brick and stone castle-like structure completed in 1893, and designed to be reminiscent of medieval military structures in Europe. It was designed by William Mundell and originally built for the 14th Regiment of the New York State Militia.</p><br>
<p>It consists of a two-story, flat-roofed administration building with an attached 1.5-story, barrel vaulted drill shed, spanning open space of 70,000 ft&sup2;. The building features asymmetrical 3- and 4-story towers. It is constructed of brick and sits on a stone foundation of Warsaw bluestone with bluestone trim and details. Since the 1980s, CAMBA, a non-profit organization based in Flatbush has operated the Park Slope Armory Women&#39;s Shelter at the Armory. The building was renovated in 2007, and is used as a sports complex operated by the Prospect Park YMCA.</p><br>
<p>The Armory was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994,</p><br>
<p>The Iddings Block is a property in Grand Forks, North Dakota that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. It was one of 13 new commercial business block buildings built in Grand Forks in 1892, and is one of just two surviving from the 1888-1892 era. During 1892 to approximately 1906-1909, it was the location of Iddings and Company, the largest bookstore and stationer in the state in that period. In 1981, it housed Ruettell&#39;s.</p><br>
<p>It includes Early Commercial, other, and vernacular architecture.</p><br>
<p>The listing was for an area of less than one acre with just one contributing building.</p><br>
<p>The listing is described in its North Dakota Cultural Resources Survey document.</p><br>
<p>The Flatiron Building, built in 1906, and the Grand Forks Mercantile Co., built in 1893, are two other wholesale buildings in Grand Forks that were listed on the National Register, within the N. Third Street wholesale district.</p><br>
<p>The Prince Hall Masonic Temple in South Los Angeles area of Los Angeles, California is a historic club building associated with Prince Hall Freemasonry. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009. The building was established as the Los Angeles branch of Prince Hall Freemasonry, a tradition of separate, predominantly African-American, Freemasonry in North America.</p><br>
<p>The building was deemed to satisfy the registration requirement for club buildings set forth in a multiple property submission study, the African Americans in Los Angeles MPS. The building was deemed significant as one of two remaining Los Angeles club buildings founded by and for African Americans.</p><br>
<p>Other sites listed pursuant to the same African Americans in Los Angeles MPS include the Angelus Funeral Home, Lincoln Theater, Second Baptist Church, 28th Street YMCA, 52nd Place Historic District, 27th Street Historic District, and two historic all-black segregated fire stations (Fire Station No. 14 and Fire Station No. 30).</p><br>
<p>The Bostick Female Academy, also known as Triune School, is a property in Triune, Tennessee that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>At one time Triune had five private schools, including a Porter Female Academy that was destroyed in 1863 in the American Civil War. On the board of the Porter Female Academy was a Dr. Jonathan Bostick, who later bequeathed funds for the Bostick Female Academy. The school was built in 1892.</p><br>
<p>The school building includes Late Victorian architecture. The listing was for an area of 2 acre with just one contributing building.</p><br>
<p>The building is an L-shaped building built in c.1892.</p><br>
<p>The building operated as a private school until about 1900, then as a public school until 1957, and since has been used as a private home.</p><br>
<p>Craddock Moor Stone Circle or Craddock Moor Circle is a stone circle located near Minions on Bodmin Moor in Cornwall, UK. It is situated around half a mile Northwest of The Hurlers .</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The circle consists of sixteen fallen stones with one remaining possible stump, all considerably overgrown making it one of the harder circles to find on the moor. John Barnatt has suggested that the circle was situated so that the summit of Brown Willy marked the midsummer sunset.</p><br>
<p>It is nearby to Craddock Moor stone row and an embanked enclosure. Christopher Tilley noted what he called a "possible axis of movement" linking the stone row, an embanked enclosure, the circle and the Hurlers. As these cannot be seen from each other, he commented "It is difficult to imagine how such a striking alignment could occur purely by chance."</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology</h2><br>
<p>One of the first archaeological surveys of Bodmin Moor, including Craddock Moor Circle was carried out c. 1800 by Nicholas Johnson and Peter Rose.</p><br>
<h2>Folklore</h2><br>
<p>Chris Barber and David Pykitt suggested that Craddock Moor is named after the ancient British King of Arthurian legend Caradoc who has been linked to the Pendragon Caractacus who fought the Romans.</p><br>
<h2>Literature</h2><br>
